Freida finally went to sleep so I have a little extra time here. We think she is trying like crazy to hang in there, but she is going downhill. Above is the map on the front page of Zeta's printed edition from last week as promised, and the link to their coverage of the drug war homicides in Tijuana.
El Sol de Tijuana put their total at 232, and since the last blog, the number has increased by at least eighteen more (including one across the road at Real Del Mar); most likely the number will be even more by the morning. Keep in mind, these are the totals for Tijuana only. At this moment , El Sol reports we are close to 250 in Tijuana since the beginning of the year. The executions also extend down through Rosarito to San Quintin, over to Tecate and Mexicali.* Additionally in Tijuana it is the Zona Centro which leads in car theft, home robberies, business robberies including robberies with violence (in public) and homicides. Taking second place is the Zona Urbana Rio Tijuana.
Problem is, does anyone care ? It was last November when Andreas Schedler, (enclosed in link are his other writings, some of which can be accessed via pdf) Professor of Political Science presented his book, "En la niebla de la guerra: Los ciudadenos ante la violencia criminal organizada" at the International Book Fair in Guadalajara.
Synopses of his work followed shortly after noting what he views through his research is the lack of solidarity of the general population of Mexico against the violence of the drug war in this nation. Although he believes their are structural obstacles to solidarity such as the lack of adequate and sufficient information and a sense of injustice, according to his studies only 10 % of Mexicans feel empathy for the victims of violence.
Proyecto Diez
Solo 10 por ciento de los Mexicanos siente empatia hacia las victimas de la violencia
Does this make you tilt your head just a little bit or raise your eyebrows? After all, from this blog (one of these days I swear I am going to get those hacked blogs back up) alone since 2007 you have been hearing how horrible the violence is here, and it is - we hate it, we hate the violence, no one should have to live under these conditions, it is unnatural. Then of course you have other publication(s) where it seems a million people are all commenting as "anonymous" discussing the tribes, or gangs or cartels. I am always grateful when English speaking big guns like AP or The Guardian report events, even BBC. Recently, one seasoned journalist eloquently wrote how terribly cruel and sad the situation is, and it is. But do the majority of Mexicans actually living here think it is sad and cruel?
In Mexico according to Professor Schedler the violence has been systematized, aired daily it has stopped generating amazement where people do not care about the victims, and are no longer amazed. From his National Survey of Organized Violence he also has found that some people believe that if a person is not involved with organized crime they will not become a victim of violence (wow, sounds just like the mantra of the promoters). From these earlier synopses we learn that Professor Schedler considers the drug war as being a civil war.
- From Mexico Voices, Rebecca Nannery translates to English parts of Jose Woldenberg's report on what exactly Schedler means by "civil war" and importantly what we are witnessing in Mexico is "...the normalization of violence and citizen's passitivity to it":
Reforma: José Woldenberg*
Andreas Schedler has written a must-read book to clear the air about the war that engulfs our country. In the Fog of War: Citizens and Organized Criminal Violence in Mexico (CIDE, 2015), provides a conceptual framework to better understand the phenomenon through an acute and in-depth analysis of the National Survey on Organized Violence and present the reactions of that massive and contradictory universe we call citizens.
The starting point of the book could not be more relevant. It says,
Translated by Rebecca Nannery
Andreas Schedler has written a must-read book to clear the air about the war that engulfs our country. In the Fog of War: Citizens and Organized Criminal Violence in Mexico (CIDE, 2015), provides a conceptual framework to better understand the phenomenon through an acute and in-depth analysis of the National Survey on Organized Violence and present the reactions of that massive and contradictory universe we call citizens.
The starting point of the book could not be more relevant. It says,
“In the last two decades of the 20th Century, Mexico moved slowly and peacefully towards democracy. In the first decade of the 21st Century, it rapidly slid into civil war.”
When I heard the use of the term ‘civil war’ for the first time to describe what was going on in Mexico, I had my reservations. In my eyes, a civil war was when the conflicting sides embodied opposing political ideologies and projects, with the ultimate goal of taking over the country.
However, Schedler convincingly offers four arguments to support why he calls it a civil war:
a) conceptually, “it coincides with the use of concept in the studies of civil wars in international political sciences… (It is) a confrontation between armed groups within a State or between one armed group and the actual State itself, which causes a minimum of 1,000 deaths per year,”
b) empirically, the ideological motives “are not an essential part of the definition… there can be wars with or without ideology. The so called ‘new’ civil wars, such as the one in Mexico, do not have a political agenda,”
c) theoretically, “there are many things that we can learn from the literature written about civil wars… because the armed factions face similar challenges of organized violence, have to mobilize resources, get weapons, recruit, train, establish a division of labour and impose hierarchies… They exert violence in an opaque context and under uncertainty as to the identity of the actors. Who is who? Who is on which side?”
d) politically, “the war is not external, but internal,” “it is our war.”
However, regardless of the conceptualization, what worried Schedler most, and is confirmed by his findings, is a deficit of intervention by what we like to call “the public opinion”. He notes that wherever you can exercise political rights and civil freedom, wherever you can vote between different options, wherever you can “be a member of political parties or civil associations and take to the streets and raise your voice,” citizens have, in theory, three ways to have an influence, a) in the discussion of policies, b) on organized crime itself, as it needs “personnel and silence” and finally, c) in civil society through protest movements or victims associations.
Nonetheless, this “string of beautiful possibilities,” except for virtuous and colourful examples, is more of a possibility than a reality. We are witnessing “the normalization of violence and citizen’s passivity to it.”
Perhaps one of the biggest obstacles to the active involvement of civil society is precisely the “fog” in which the war itself takes place. Schedler tells us that, ideally, the alliance against crime would place the State, the victims and civil society on common ground: confronting, of course, these violent actors. Most unfortunately however, in reality the actors are mixed “and the lines between the world of violent crimes and spheres of State and civil society have become blurred.”
Perhaps one of the biggest obstacles to the active involvement of civil society is precisely the “fog” in which the war itself takes place. Schedler tells us that, ideally, the alliance against crime would place the State, the victims and civil society on common ground: confronting, of course, these violent actors. Most unfortunately however, in reality the actors are mixed “and the lines between the world of violent crimes and spheres of State and civil society have become blurred.”
This puts in place two mechanisms: a) the violent crime organizations need external allies both in the State and civil society, so they try to infiltrate public agencies, local communities and civil associations” and b) “it is almost inevitable that members of government agencies and civil society are becoming victims, but also perpetrators of violent crime.”
This dichotomy notoriously stems from at least four failures of the State: institutional weakness, collusion of officials with crime, abuse of power and “indifference towards victims.” Consequently the mist thickens. We then find ourselves in
This dichotomy notoriously stems from at least four failures of the State: institutional weakness, collusion of officials with crime, abuse of power and “indifference towards victims.” Consequently the mist thickens. We then find ourselves in
“a democracy in civil war,” in “a political system whose regime meets the minimum levels of democracy, while the State is not capable of… containing the organization and exercise of private violence.”
But… why don’t you read the book instead?
Reforma only allows subscribers to access its articles online.
*José Woldenberg holds an undergraduate degree in Sociology and a masters in Latin American Studies from UNAM, where he is a professor in the Faculty of Political and Social Science. He was the first president of the Federal Electoral Institute. His most recent books are "Disenchantment", "Noblesse oblige", "Politics, Crime and Delirium" (Cal y Arena), "A Minimum History of the Mexican Democratic Transition" (El Colegio de Mexico) and "Mexico: the Difficult Democracy" (Taurus).
Posted 2 weeks ago by Rebecca Nannery
Labels: Drug War Mexico citizen action Mexico corruption Mexico crime Mexico democracy Mexico drug war Mexico public security Mexico rule of law Mexico violence
- A few days later. Carmen Aristegui interviewed Dr. Schedler: (and note related material at the bottom of the page ) I'm going to try to copy and paste this one in English for you.....
In Mexico "amazing ability to normalize, silence and deny violence": Andreas Schedler on CNN "The biggest deficiency of Mexican democracy is ... the great black hole of the judicial system," he said.  In the fog of war. Citizens and organized criminal violence, is the most recent book by Andreas Schedler, doctor in political science from the University of Vienna, who explained startup on the cover a small subcomandancia, which is "somewhat indirect and ironic observed . The book is about the criminal violence that has plagued us in recent decades, and the relationship of citizens to violence. It is a book about public, basically "opinion. "One of the key players is the state , " and the cover image "is almost sympathetic state, because it is tiny, lost in the desert, a clearly unable to protect state is not exactly the state", but "a the State ", he stressed in an interview with CNN Aristegui.  The author 's interest grew out of "a moral irritation, the idea that we are already long in this violence, we numbers of deaths exceeding the average of the dictatorships of the twentieth and twenty - first century, the average civil wars of the twentieth century XXI, and not much happens. " Part "of citizens, politics, the elite, almost all, what we have seen is an amazing ability to normalize violence, violence silence, denying violence. So we have seen two great waves of mobilization. " This, referring to the Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity, and the movement for the 43 missing normalistas Ayotzinapa. "There were two 'waves' dramatic, with some impact, but then blurred very quickly , " he said. "What I'm seeing individual citizen in this world threatening and far between, many data. One of the central relationship is, how they see the victims, what they see is trying to put distance between themselves (citizens) and victims. There are many structural reasons, "he said. "Human beings are not able to feel pain by 100 thousand dead, we have emotions of closeness. With anonymous figures not associate anything, "he said. He noted that "in the media and politics we have had a very generic language." One of the nodal points of the book is "the ease with which we deduct thousands and thousands of lives, thousands and thousands of deaths, without asking. With great ingenuity. " The author wondered "what if we had the same numbers of victims, murder, torture, disappearances, but not in a 'minimalist democracy' but in a dictatorship ?. In a dictatorship we not buy these figures with the same lightness figures ... who would accept a dictatorship without independent judicial proceedings, without evidence, without a strong argument books. " We also try lightly criminals, "we put them all in a bag, the murderers, small sellers of marijuana, and do not really know anything about them, we condemn very strongly, and almost sent to another country". He said that "the greatest deficiency of Mexican democracy is always a problem that nobody has taken charge, and Vicente Fox or Felipe Calderon, or anyone. It is the great black hole of the judicial system, has been the burden of democracy, we have a state with a legal system that serves to provide justice. " "We have all an assembled device not to do justice, but to make the best simulation of justice ... is a part of incongruity of the strategies we have seen , " he said. In the government of the current president, Enrique Peña Nieto has chosen to "better talk about other things, there are other priorities. There are always issues onto the public space and require the government to talk about it, but if not for emergency duty and prefer to talk about other things. " Part of the diagnosis of why Mexico is in the current situation is that "there are many actors who are failing, not the failure of the state which has been a much discussed case, but the failure of democracy when democracy fails, many actors ". "We have so many hidden actors, such difficulty, we never know who is on what side , " he said. To which author calls economic civil war, is "for a very simple reason, if we call this war, and there are many people who have called it war, political scientists would say there are two kinds of war: those that occur between States, they are international wars, and those that occur from within, civil wars. And there are other reasons, which are part of the design ... on the ground these civil wars are usually driven by petty reasons. And here is the competition for markets .... " ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - Which brings us to the current Zeta article which covers much of what we read in the other articles however there is stronger emphasis on not only the "failed state" but in Professor Schedler's viewpoint, the "failed Democracy" in Mexico. Schedler expresses in this interview that his confidence in the democratic core (of Mexico) is already badly damaged. He continues by adding that the criminal violence (in Mexico) has led to a situation where the same freedoms of Democracy are at stake in many parts of the country. The killings of social activists, reporters, political candidates, party representatives impacts on many sides of what is at the heart of Democracy. He feels that we (the Mexican people) are just barely holding on to Democracy - he sees Democracy in Mexico as damaged and very much threatened. Copied and Pasted translation: "Mexico is a normalization and citizen passivity to violence" Schedler Andreas Schedler, CIDE researcher Print edition Writing ZETA Monday, April 18, 2016 1:00 PM Tweet By Carlos Alvarez Acevedo. "The Mexican situation can be described as appalling , " says researcher at CIDE, Andreas Schedler, on the number of deaths caused by the drug war, but the war events recorded in this and the last century. Aside from the failed state, Doctor in Political Science sees a failed democracy where citizens lose opportunities, "we have 20 years of war and 20 years in democracy, and we have not had any general election there really tematizado the violence of organized crime. Is shared between citizens and political society failure , "argues Mexican "is much scandalized" by the victims of civil wars in other countries, but if those figures compare with which Mexico has suffered in his fight against organized criminal crime, called "narco war," our country has more dead most of these war events, including all of the twentieth century and twenty - first, so the Mexican situation can be described as "appalling", said in an interview for ZETA, professor and researcher at the Division of Political Studies Center for Economic Research and Teaching (CIDE), Andreas Schedler. "We have problems of organization and participation in all areas of armed resistance to civil resistance, associations of victims, mostly. There is a whole field of citizen action is pretty orphan. I say that apart from the failed state which we always talk, we also have a failed democracy, where citizens are missed opportunities, "said Schedler. The teacher is author of the book "In the fog of war. Citizens before the criminal organized violence "(CIDE. 2015), based on data from the National Survey of Violence Organized text that highlights the" amazing ability of the state to deny violence "but also how citizens take with" lightness "thousands and thousands of deaths," without asking, with great ingenuity. " In his text, Schedler says that "in the last two decades of the twentieth century, Mexico transited slowly and peacefully towards democracy. In the first decade of the century, it slid rapidly toward civil war. " In his book, the researcher at the CIDE says that where you can exercise political rights and civil liberties, where you can vote between several options, it is essential "military in parties and civil associations, take to the streets and raise their voices" , so convinced was said that Mexican citizens "have not sufficiently raised his voice." In addition, he said, citizens have several ways to influence, but despite this "string of beautiful possibilities," except against virtuous and colorful examples, what we live is "standardization and citizen passivity to violence". Doctor in Political Science from the University of Vienna spoke with ZETA two "waves" of mobilization that have been "very important" in Mexico, dramatic and much impact, but then "blurred" very fast: first, the marches and caravans led by the poet Javier Sicilia in 2011; then national mobilization occurred after the event of the disappearance of the 43 normalistas Ayotzinapa in 2014. "These movements have been important, but they have been so limited as many others, because the movements are cyclical, and if not seek allies in institutions tend to weaken, to demobilize and fall again into apathy. It is something that we have seen. And one of the biggest problems experienced both mobilisations, has been its sharp with the world of away games, "said Andreas Schedler. "We criticize politicians lot, and I feel very good, very successful, but we must not let them die alone. If you maintain an anti political, anti party, we want to have nothing to do with them, they end up with much freedom, without a context of demand, and end up ignoring the speech problem, "he lamented. Professor of CIDE, whose recurring themes of research are the electoral authoritarianism and democratization of elections in developing countries, recalled that "we have 20 years of war and 20 years in democracy, and we have not had any general election there really tematizado the violence of organized crime. It is shared between citizens and political society failure. " Similarly, in Mexico we are no longer in the times of the "perfect dictatorship", we have gone from an "electoral autocracy to an electoral democracy , " explained Schedler, whose articles have been published in international journals such as Comparative Political Studies, Perspectives on Politics, Journal of Democracy, European Journal of Political Research, Party Politics, Journal of Political Philosophy and Political Research Quarterly. "Mexico has been since the transition of 2000, a normal democracy compared to several, although poor and disappointing violent democracies in Latin America, but my confidence in the democratic core is already badly damaged. Criminal violence has led to a situation where the same freedoms of democracy are at stake in many parts of the country. The killings of social activists, reporters, of candidates, party representatives and even cures, impacts on many sides of what is at the heart of democracy, public space, until the elections, party politics and society civil, "said the also member of the National System of Researchers (SNI III). "We are still holding us tenuously on democratic minimum, but I see very damaged, very threatened," and yet not seen in a political project cartels, and says that the end of organized crime "is not to take power" According to the deputy chairman of the Committee on Concepts and Methods of the International Political Science Association (IPSA, for its acronym in English), although we are in a "democracy in civil war" that differs from the classic rebellions of revolutionary guerrillas, who they are more idealistic, in his book recounts four inadequacies of state: institutional weakness, collusion of officials with crime, abuse of power and "indifference to the victims" with "a political system whose regime meets the democratic minimum while the state is not able to contain the organization and exercise of private violence. "On behalf of the citizens I do not see a danger of rebellion against the state and its rulers. See trends rather private retreat, putting distance between private life and public life, to take refuge in a mixture of neglect and indifference and fear, that violence will not reach one. I think the public has the tendency to swim muertito which to organize armed rebellions , "said researcher SNI III. One of the nodal points of the book is "the ease with which we deduct thousands and thousands of lives, thousands and thousands of deaths, without asking. With great ingenuity, "he said Schedler in another recent interview. "Human beings are not able to feel pain by 100 thousand dead, we have emotions of closeness. With anonymous figures not associate anything, "he concluded. Zeta "Mexico vive una normalizacion y pasividad ciudadana ante la violencia: Schedler" por, Carlos Alvarez Acevedo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ My question is, is Professor Schedlers viewpoint on current apathetic social norms in Mexico an extension of Octavio Paz's "El Laberinto de la Soledad'? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I'll be back it's late here, take care. * Link to the drug war violence in other Municipalities of Baja California. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ********** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ********** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ********** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ********** "Mexico is a normalization and citizen passivity to violence" Schedler Andreas Schedler, CIDE researcher Print edition Writing ZETA Monday, April 18, 2016 1:00 PM Tweet By Carlos Alvarez Acevedo. "The Mexican situation can be described as appalling , " says researcher at CIDE, Andreas Schedler, on the number of deaths caused by the drug war, but the war events recorded in this and the last century. Aside from the failed state, Doctor in Political Science sees a failed democracy where citizens lose opportunities, "we have 20 years of war and 20 years in democracy, and we have not had any general election there really tematizado the violence of organized crime. Is shared between citizens and political society failure , "argues Fuente: http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://zetatijuana.com/2016/04/18/mexico-vive-una-normalizacion-y-pasividad-ciudadana-ante-la-violencia-schedler/&usg=ALkJrhhWetNLoQH_o5dvETwKHlCXfJBwy "Mexico is a normalization and citizen passivity to violence" Schedler Andreas Schedler, CIDE researcher Print edition Writing ZETA Monday, April 18, 2016 1:00 PM Tweet By Carlos Alvarez Acevedo. "The Mexican situation can be described as appalling , " says researcher at CIDE, Andreas Schedler, on the number of deaths caused by the drug war, but the war events recorded in this and the last century. Aside from the failed state, Doctor in Political Science sees a failed democracy where citizens lose opportunities, "we have 20 years of war and 20 years in democracy, and we have not had any general election there really tematizado the violence of organized crime. Is shared between citizens and political society failure , "argues Fuente: http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://zetatijuana.com/2016/04/18/mexico-vive-una-normalizacion-y-pasividad-ciudadana-ante-la-violencia-schedler/&usg=ALkJrhhWetNLoQH_o5dvETwKHlCXfJBwyg "Mexico is a normalization and citizen passivity to violence" Schedler Andreas Schedler, CIDE researcher Print edition Writing ZETA Monday, April 18, 2016 1:00 PM Tweet By Carlos Alvarez Acevedo. "The Mexican situation can be described as appalling , " says researcher at CIDE, Andreas Schedler, on the number of deaths caused by the drug war, but the war events recorded in this and the last century. Aside from the failed state, Doctor in Political Science sees a failed democracy where citizens lose opportunities, "we have 20 years of war and 20 years in democracy, and we have not had any general election there really tematizado the violence of organized crime. Is shared between citizens and political society failure , "argues Fuente: http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://zetatijuana.com/2016/04/18/mexico-vive-una-normalizacion-y-pasividad-ciudadana-ante-la-violencia-schedler/&usg=ALkJrhhWetNLoQH_o5dvETwKHlCXfJBwyg Loved him.....  "Mexico is a normalization and citizen passivity to violence" Schedler Andreas Schedler, CIDE researcher Print edition Writing ZETA Monday, April 18, 2016 1:00 PM Tweet By Carlos Alvarez Acevedo. "The Mexican situation can be described as appalling , " says researcher at CIDE, Andreas Schedler, on the number of deaths caused by the drug war, but the war events recorded in this and the last century. Aside from the failed state, Doctor in Political Science sees a failed democracy where citizens lose opportunities, "we have 20 years of war and 20 years in democracy, and we have not had any general election there really tematizado the violence of organized crime. Is shared between citizens and political society failure , "argues Mexican "is much scandalized" by the victims of civil wars in other countries, but if those figures compare with which Mexico has suffered in his fight against organized criminal crime, called "narco war," our country has more dead most of these war events, including all of the twentieth century and twenty - first, so the Mexican situation can be described as "appalling", said in an interview for ZETA, professor and researcher at the Division of Political Studies Center for Economic Research and Teaching (CIDE), Andreas Schedler. "We have problems of organization and participation in all areas of armed resistance to civil resistance, associations of victims, mostly. There is a whole field of citizen action is pretty orphan. I say that apart from the failed state which we always talk, we also have a failed democracy, where citizens are missed opportunities, "said Schedler. The teacher is author of the book "In the fog of war. Citizens before the criminal organized violence "(CIDE. 2015), based on data from the National Survey of Violence Organized text that highlights the" amazing ability of the state to deny violence "but also how citizens take with" lightness "thousands and thousands of deaths," without asking, with great ingenuity. " In his text, Schedler says that "in the last two decades of the twentieth century, Mexico transited slowly and peacefully towards democracy. In the first decade of the century, it slid rapidly toward civil war. " In his book, the researcher at the CIDE says that where you can exercise political rights and civil liberties, where you can vote between several options, it is essential "military in parties and civil associations, take to the streets and raise their voices" , so convinced was said that Mexican citizens "have not sufficiently raised his voice." In addition, he said, citizens have several ways to influence, but despite this "string of beautiful possibilities," except against virtuous and colorful examples, what we live is "standardization and citizen passivity to violence". Doctor in Political Science from the University of Vienna spoke with ZETA two "waves" of mobilization that have been "very important" in Mexico, dramatic and much impact, but then "blurred" very fast: first, the marches and caravans led by the poet Javier Sicilia in 2011; then national mobilization occurred after the event of the disappearance of the 43 normalistas Ayotzinapa in 2014. "These movements have been important, but they have been so limited as many others, because the movements are cyclical, and if not seek allies in institutions tend to weaken, to demobilize and fall again into apathy. It is something that we have seen. And one of the biggest problems experienced both mobilisations, has been its sharp with the world of away games, "said Andreas Schedler. "We criticize politicians lot, and I feel very good, very successful, but we must not let them die alone. If you maintain an anti political, anti party, we want to have nothing to do with them, they end up with much freedom, without a context of demand, and end up ignoring the speech problem, "he lamented. Professor of CIDE, whose recurring themes of research are the electoral authoritarianism and democratization of elections in developing countries, recalled that "we have 20 years of war and 20 years in democracy, and we have not had any general election there really tematizado the violence of organized crime. It is shared between citizens and political society failure. " Similarly, in Mexico we are no longer in the times of the "perfect dictatorship", we have gone from an "electoral autocracy to an electoral democracy , " explained Schedler, whose articles have been published in international journals such as Comparative Political Studies, Perspectives on Politics, Journal of Democracy, European Journal of Political Research, Party Politics, Journal of Political Philosophy and Political Research Quarterly. "Mexico has been since the transition of 2000, a normal democracy compared to several, although poor and disappointing violent democracies in Latin America, but my confidence in the democratic core is already badly damaged. Criminal violence has led to a situation where the same freedoms of democracy are at stake in many parts of the country. The killings of social activists, reporters, of candidates, party representatives and even cures, impacts on many sides of what is at the heart of democracy, public space, until the elections, party politics and society civil, "said the also member of the National System of Researchers (SNI III). "We are still holding us tenuously on democratic minimum, but I see very damaged, very threatened," and yet not seen in a political project cartels, and says that the end of organized crime "is not to take power" According to the deputy chairman of the Committee on Concepts and Methods of the International Political Science Association (IPSA, for its acronym in English), although we are in a "democracy in civil war" that differs from the classic rebellions of revolutionary guerrillas, who they are more idealistic, in his book recounts four inadequacies of state: institutional weakness, collusion of officials with crime, abuse of power and "indifference to the victims" with "a political system whose regime meets the democratic minimum while the state is not able to contain the organization and exercise of private violence. "On behalf of the citizens I do not see a danger of rebellion against the state and its rulers. See trends rather private retreat, putting distance between private life and public life, to take refuge in a mixture of neglect and indifference and fear, that violence will not reach one. I think the public has the tendency to swim muertito which to organize armed rebellions , "said researcher SNI III. One of the nodal points of the book is "the ease with which we deduct thousands and thousands of lives, thousands and thousands of deaths, without asking. With great ingenuity, "he said Schedler in another recent interview. "Human beings are not able to feel pain by 100 thousand dead, we have emotions of closeness. With anonymous figures not associate anything, "he concluded. |